تنظيم مهنة المحاماة

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Status: Draft

Model: gpt-4o-2024-08-06

Provider: openai

Source version: 2025-10-05T14:55:30+00:00

Translation (editable Markdown/plain text)

Regulation of the Legal Profession

Published on: 1970-03-30

# Preliminary Provisions First

## On the Legal Profession First

#### Article 1

The legal profession is a profession regulated by this law and aims to achieve the mission of justice by providing legal opinions and defending rights.

#### Article 2

The legal profession contributes to the implementation of public service, and therefore grants those who practice it the rights and immunities stipulated by this law, while also obligating them to the duties it imposes.

#### Article 3

A lawyer is not required to adhere to the recommendations of their client except to the extent that they align with conscience and the client's interest.

## In the Syndicate Second

#### Article 4

In Lebanon, there are two bar associations: one in Beirut and one in Tripoli.
The names of lawyers who have offices in all Lebanese governorates except the North Lebanon Governorate are registered in the Beirut Bar Association.
The names of lawyers who have offices in the North Lebanon Governorate are registered in the Tripoli Bar Association.
A lawyer is not entitled to practice law in Lebanon if their name is not registered in one of the two associations. It is not permissible to be registered in both and in a foreign association. Every lawyer registered in the roll of practicing lawyers must have an office within the jurisdiction of the association to which they belong.

# On Practicing the Profession of Law Second

## On Acquiring the Title of Lawyer First

### On the Conditions of the Lawyer 1

##### Article 5-معدلة

It is required for anyone intending to practice the profession of law to be:
First: Lebanese for at least ten years.
Second: Enjoying civil capacity, having completed 20 years of age, and not exceeding sixty-five.
Third: Holding the second part of the Lebanese Baccalaureate and the Lebanese law degree, and the qualifying certificate mentioned in the following article, while preserving the right of those who benefited from the exemption mentioned in paragraph 2 of article 20 of the Higher Education Organization Law issued on December 26, 1961, regarding the equivalence to the Lebanese Baccalaureate, and the right of those who were candidates for the Lebanese Baccalaureate second part exams and received official attestations in lieu of the certificate, and those who obtained foreign official secondary education certificates inside and outside the country and received equivalence for them for the years from 1987 to 1991.
Fourth: Having a reputation that inspires trust and respect.
Fifth: Not convicted criminally or disciplinarily for an act that undermines honor or dignity.
Sixth: Not dismissed from a public position or previous profession for a reason that undermines honor and dignity.

##### Article 6-معدلة

The subjects of the qualifying certificate are distributed over the four years of study required to obtain the law degree, and these subjects are determined by a decision issued by the Lebanese University Council after obtaining the approval of the Bar Associations in Beirut and Tripoli. In case of disagreement over the determination of these subjects, the Council of Ministers resolves the matter by decree.

### On Registration Procedures 2

##### Article 7

Registration applications to the Bar Association are submitted to the competent Bar Council along with documents proving the fulfillment of the conditions stipulated in Article 5. The Bar Council must decide on the registration application with a reasoned decision within two months from the date of submission, unless it deems it necessary to investigate the applicant's background, in which case the period is extended to four months. If the mentioned period expires without a decision on acceptance or rejection, the applicant has the right to appeal to the Civil Court of Appeal in the governorate where the headquarters of the Bar Association to which they wish to belong is located.

##### Article 8

The appeal is submitted to the Court of Appeal within thirty days from the date the applicant is notified of the rejection decision or from the expiration of the four months mentioned in the previous article. Upon submission of the appeal to the Court of Appeal, the applicant's file is requested from the Bar Council, and the council must send it within a maximum period of two weeks along with any observations it deems necessary to make.

##### Article 9

When considering registration applications, two members from the Bar Council, appointed by the President, join the Court of Appeal panel. If neither or only one of the Bar representatives attends, the Court of Appeal in its regular formation can decide on the appeal.

### On the Oath of the Lawyer 3

##### Article 10

The lawyer shall take an oath upon the issuance of the decision to register them, whether in the roll of trainee lawyers or non-trainee lawyers, before the Civil Court of Appeal and in the presence of the Bar President or their delegate, the following oath:
"I swear by Almighty God, and on my honor, to preserve the confidentiality of my profession, to perform its duties faithfully, to uphold its ethics and traditions, to adhere to its laws and regulations, not to say or publish, whether as a lawyer or advisor, anything contrary to morals and ethics, or anything that undermines state security, to respect the judiciary, and to conduct myself in all my actions in a manner that inspires trust and respect."
A lawyer is not allowed to begin practicing law before taking this oath.

### On the Registration of Trainees 4

##### Article 11-Amended

A lawyer who registers their name in one of the Bar Associations is subject to a three-year apprenticeship in the office of an appellate lawyer.
This provision does not apply to judges who have served in the judiciary for a period equivalent to the apprenticeship period, nor to professors who have taught law subjects for no less than three years, nor to appellate lawyers who request re-registration.

##### Article 12

A trainee lawyer who requests to register their name in the Bar Association must specify in their application the name of the lawyer with whom they wish to apprentice and must present a document proving this lawyer's consent to accept them as a trainee in their office.

##### Article 13

The apprenticeship applicant must attach the following to their application:
First - The three certificates specified in paragraph 3 of Article Five.
Second - Their criminal record.
Third - Their identity document.
Fourth - The consent of the lawyer with whom they will apprentice.
Fifth - A receipt proving payment of the registration fee specified in the internal regulations.

##### Article 14

The registration application in the trainees' register is submitted to the President of the Bar Association, who refers it to one of the members of the Bar Council to prepare a report on whether the legal conditions are met.
The application, along with the report and documents, is referred to the Bar Council for decision in accordance with the provisions of this law.

### Conflict and Limits of Practicing the Profession 5

##### Article 15

It is prohibited to combine the practice of law with:
1- Any public office or service, except for membership in the Parliament, municipal and administrative councils, and other positions and services for which the holder does not receive a salary.
2- Commercial and industrial activities (except for legal or scientific journalism) and, in general, all professions aimed at profit.
3- Presidency, vice-presidency, or directorship of companies of all kinds.
4- Expert work for courts or other authorities or bodies.
5- Activities that are incompatible with the independence of the lawyer or do not align with the dignity of the legal profession.
6- Presidency of the Parliament and ministry during the lawyer's tenure in these roles, and upon starting these roles, the lawyer must cease practicing the profession and inform the Bar Association president.

##### Article 16

A lawyer who has held a ministerial position may not, within one year following their departure from office, accept representation personally or through another lawyer in cases related to their ministry and presented before the courts, departments, or administrative councils of independent interests under the supervision of the ministry they headed.

##### Article 17

A lawyer who is a deputy may not accept representation for the state personally or through another lawyer in lawsuits involving the state or its institutions or independent interests.

##### Article 18

A lawyer elected as a member of a municipality may not accept representation personally or through another lawyer in lawsuits for or against that municipality.

##### Article 19

A government employee who has left service and taken up law practice may not accept representation personally or through another lawyer in lawsuits against the interest they were part of, within three years following their departure from service.

##### Article 20

A person who was a judge before practicing law may not accept representation personally or through another lawyer in a case that was presented to them.

##### Article 21

A person who has given their opinion on a case when it was presented to them, in their capacity as an employee, arbitrator, or expert, may not accept representation in that case.

## On Apprenticeship Second

### On the Rights of the Trainee 1

##### Article 22

The trainee lawyer is not entitled to use the title "lawyer" without adding the title of trainee, and he is not entitled to establish an office in his name before completing his training.

##### Article 23

The trainee lawyer may transfer during his training period from one lawyer's office to another, provided that he informs the Bar Association Council and obtains the approval of the new office and the Bar Association Council.

##### Article 24

The trainee is entitled to plead during his training period in the name of the lawyer registered in his office before the following courts:
1- Courts of first instance, committees, and councils of all kinds.
2- Misdemeanor Court of Appeal for defendants only.
3- Criminal Court for the accused.

##### Article 25

The trainee lawyer acquires the right to plead in his personal name before all courts upon his registration in the general roll.

### On the Duties of the Trainee 2

##### Article 26

The Bar Association Council organizes apprenticeship lectures for trainees at times it determines. The President or a delegate presides over the apprenticeship lectures, manages them, and discusses their topics. A list of the names of the trainees attending is organized.
Any trainee who does not attend at least two-thirds of the apprenticeship lectures may have their apprenticeship period extended by a decision of the Bar Association Council.

## On the Termination of Apprenticeship and Registration in the Roll of Lawyers Third

#### Article 27-معدلة

The application for registration in the roll of lawyers is submitted to the Bar Council, and each application is subject to its specific provisions as outlined in the following two paragraphs:
First: The application submitted by the trainee lawyer:

The application is submitted after the end of the training period, accompanied by the following documents:
1- A certificate from the lawyer with whom the training was conducted, proving the trainee's commitment to the training for a period of three years.
2- A certificate from the council's secretariat confirming attendance at two-thirds of the training lectures.
3- A statement of the lawsuits or cases in which the trainee participated in studying or pleading, signed by both the trainee and the lawyer with whom the training was conducted, under the responsibility of each.
4- Receipts proving the payment of the registration transfer fee, the retirement fund fee, and the annual subscription fee due since the date of registration in the roll of lawyers.
Second: The application submitted by the former judge:

The application is submitted after leaving the judiciary and is subject to the following specific provisions:
The former judge is exempt from the age requirement specified in Article 5 of this law, and the conditions noted in this article are considered fulfilled and proven by the certificate given to the judge by the competent administrative authority, which includes practicing the judicial function for at least three years and not having services terminated for a disciplinary reason that undermines honor and dignity.
The judge exempted from the age requirement or belonging to the Judges' Mutual Fund and joining the Bar Association does not benefit from all the benefits provided by the association to its members, including the retirement pension and health and social benefits.

#### Article 28

The Bar Council has the discretion to register the trainee in the mentioned roll or to extend the duration of their training.

#### Article 29-معدلة

If the Bar Council's decision rejects the application for the end of training and registration in the roll of lawyers, or if the application is not decided upon acceptance or rejection within two months from the date of submission, the applicant has the right, within two months from the date of notification of the rejection decision or from the end of the two-month period designated for deciding the application, to appeal to the Civil Court of Appeal in accordance with the provisions of Articles 7, 8, and 9 of the Law on the Regulation of the Legal Profession.

#### Article 30

The Bar Council organizes a roll with the names of lawyers and trainees in accordance with the provisions of its internal regulations.

#### Article 31

If a lawyer delays the payment of their subscription fees for three consecutive years without a legitimate excuse accepted by the Bar Council, their name is removed from the general roll after a warning, and they are not entitled to rejoin the association unless they pay the registration fee again.

# On the Organization and Management of the Bar Associations Second

### Article 32

Each of the Bar Associations in Beirut and Tripoli is composed of its members who are registered in its rolls.

### Article 33

Each of the associations enjoys legal personality and financial and administrative independence.

### Article 34

The bodies of each association consist of the General Assembly, the Bar Council, and the President.

## General Assembly First

#### Article 35

The General Assembly is the highest authority for lawyers and holds its regular meeting every year on the first Sunday of November. It convenes an extraordinary meeting whenever the Bar Council deems it necessary or upon a request submitted to it by one-third of the lawyers entitled to participate in this meeting.

#### Article 36-Amended

The General Assembly is presided over by the President of the Bar Association, and in his absence, the most senior former president present, then the Secretary, then the oldest member of the Bar Council present.

#### Article 37

The regular General Assembly is held on the date specified in Article 35 of this law.
As for the extraordinary assembly, it is held on the date determined by the Bar Council, and working lawyers entitled to participate in both assemblies are invited by letters addressed to them or by an announcement published in three daily newspapers, with a copy posted on the door of the Bar Association headquarters and every room of the Bar Association in the areas under its jurisdiction.

#### Article 38

The meeting of the General Assembly is considered legal if more than half of the voters entitled to participate in the voting are present. If this quorum is not met, the invitation is repeated for another meeting to be held within fifteen days, and this meeting is considered legal regardless of the number of attendees. Decisions are made by relative majority, including election results.

#### Article 39

Only working lawyers registered in the roll who have paid their annual fees on time participate in the General Assembly and are accepted among the voters or candidates.

#### Article 40

The annual regular General Assembly's activities include:
1- Electing the President and members of the Bar Council and members of the Retirement Committee mentioned in the third paragraph of Article 3 of Legislative Decree No. 180 dated May 21, 1942.
2- Auditing the final account of the past year and the budget for the following year and approving them.
3- Determining the annual subscription fee required from lawyers for the Bar Association Fund and the Retirement Fund.

#### Article 41

The extraordinary General Assembly considers the matters specified in the request for the call or in the decision of the Bar Council, and no others.

## Bar Association Council Second

### Formation of the Council 1

##### Article 42

The Beirut Bar Association Council is composed of twelve members, including the President, and the Tripoli Bar Association Council is composed of six members, including the President.
The Bar Council organizes the method of electing the President and members. Former Presidents are permanent members by default in the Bar Council, but they do not participate in voting.

##### Article 43

The Bar Council meets upon the President's invitation within three days from the date of each election, and elects by secret ballot the Secretary, Treasurer, Commissioner, and Justice Palace Commissioner.

##### Article 44

The term of the President is two years and cannot be renewed until two years after the end of their term.

##### Article 45-معدلة

The term of the Bar Council members is three years. Each year, the term of one-third of the members ends, and no member can be re-elected more than once until two years after the end of their term.
In exceptional cases where more than one-third of the members are elected at once, a draw is conducted among the elected members immediately after the election process and in the first session held by the Bar Council to ensure the application of the annual rotation principle by one-third as stipulated in the first paragraph. The President's membership during their term as President is exempt from the draw, and the term of the member leaving by draw is considered a full term regardless of its duration.
A draw is conducted on the members of the Beirut Bar Association elected in 1981 immediately upon the enforcement of this law to drop the membership of two-thirds of its members.
After electing the replacement members, another draw is conducted among them to select four members whose term will be exceptionally two years instead of three.

##### Article 46

A lawyer cannot be elected as President unless they have been registered in the roll of practicing lawyers for at least twenty years and are a member of the Bar Council. A lawyer cannot be elected as a member of the Bar Council unless they have been registered in the mentioned roll for at least ten years.

##### Article 47

The nomination for the position of President and Bar membership is submitted to the Bar Council by the candidate themselves or by at least fifty lawyers eligible to participate in the General Assembly.
Nominations submitted after the first of October of the election year are rejected.

##### Article 48

The Bar Council must verify that the nomination meets the legal requirements and issue its decision to accept or reject it before the tenth of October, otherwise it is considered accepted.
The Bar Council's decision is communicated to the candidate by registered letter immediately upon issuance, and its image is posted on the Bar's headquarters door.

##### Article 49

The decision to accept or reject the nomination can be appealed by any interested party within three days from the date the decision is deposited at the Bar's office.
The Court of Appeal decides on the matter in a deliberation room within three days.

##### Article 50

The election is conducted by secret ballot, and all other procedural rules for the election are determined in the internal regulations.

##### Article 51

The winner is considered to be the one who obtains the relative majority of the votes cast, and in the event of a tie, the one with the longest tenure in the Bar roll wins, and in the event of equality, the oldest wins.

##### Article 52

If the position of President becomes vacant for any reason, the General Assembly is convened within thirty days from the date of the vacancy to elect a new President if the remaining term exceeds six months. The elected President in this case completes the remaining term of the previous President. If the remaining term is less than six months, the Secretary assumes the position of President by proxy until the end of the term.

##### Article 53-معدلة

If a position among the Bar Council members becomes vacant, it is filled by the alternate who received the highest number of votes after the winners in the last election.
In the absence of an alternate and when two or more positions become vacant up to half of the members, the Bar Council continues its work composed of the remaining members until the first General Assembly elects those who fill the vacant position or positions.
If more than half of the members' positions become vacant before the first of July, an extraordinary General Assembly is convened within a month, with the first ten days for nominations to elect those who fill these positions.
In all the aforementioned cases, the successor replaces their predecessor for the remaining duration of their membership.

##### Article 54

The Bar Council is considered dissolved if the number of vacant positions exceeds two-thirds, and in this case, an extraordinary General Assembly is convened for a general election of the Bar Council members, while the President remains in their position.

##### Article 55

Any member of the Bar Council who is absent from its meetings three consecutive times without an acceptable excuse is considered resigned.

### Meetings of the Bar Council 2

##### Article 56

Council sessions are not legal unless they are held at their scheduled times or at times appointed by the president.

##### Article 57

Council sessions are not legal unless attended by the absolute majority of its members.

##### Article 58-Amended

Council decisions are issued by majority, and if votes are equal, the side voted for by the president prevails.
Anyone with an interest has the right to obtain from the syndicate office a certified copy of the council's decisions.

### Powers of the Council and the President 3

##### Article 59-Amended

The Bar Council is responsible for managing its affairs and specifically has the authority to:
1- Decide on applications for membership to the Bar and applications for appointments to Bar positions.
2- Establish and amend the internal regulations of the Bar and all other regulations related to the Bar.
3- Determine, amend, and collect the registration fee.
4- Implement the resolutions of the general assemblies.
5- Organize and execute the annual budget.
6- Mediate between lawyers regarding disputes related to the practice of their profession.
7- Call for general meetings.
8- Represent the Bar in international professional conferences.
9- Correspond with authorities and individuals on matters concerning the Bar.
10- Strive for the acceptance of trainees in lawyers' offices.
11- Oversee the conduct of lawyers.
12- Issue instructions to lawyers regarding the practice of their profession.
13- Supervise lawyers' chambers and all institutions affiliated with the Bar.
14- Grant licenses to lawyers' assistants to practice their profession and determine the conditions of these licenses.
15- Organize the training period and decide on its conclusion or extension.
16- (This paragraph was repealed by Law No. 18/78 dated 18/12/78).
17- Establish financial awards disbursed from the Bar's fund for those who produce valuable scientific works.
18- Provide financial assistance to lawyers.

##### Article 60

The President represents the Bar and specifically has the following prerogatives:
1- Supervise its management and defend its rights.
2- Preside over the general assembly and the Bar Council, implement their decisions, and sign contracts they approve.
3- Litigate on behalf of the Bar and has the right to intervene personally or through a council member he selects in any case that concerns the Bar or one of its lawyers, and to take the role of personal plaintiff in any case related to actions affecting the dignity of the Bar or one of its members.
4- Appoint a representative for the Bar in each judicial district and define their powers and dismiss them.
5- Appoint lawyers tasked with defending those granted legal aid and lawyers tasked, when necessary, with defending the accused and juveniles.
6- Work on resolving disputes arising in professional matters.

# On the Rights and Duties of Lawyers Third

## On the Rights and Privileges of Lawyers One

### On Consultations and Agencies 1

##### Article 61-Amended

Non-lawyers may not be appointed to represent in courts, and a lawyer must be appointed where the law stipulates so and in the following cases:
1- Before the Criminal Court.
2- Before the Court of Cassation and the Administrative Judiciary in all cases.
3- Before the Court of Appeal in all civil, religious, and sectarian cases.
4- Before the First Instance Court in unquantified civil cases, except for personal status lawsuits, and in other cases where the value in dispute exceeds (three hundred thousand Lebanese pounds).
5- Before the Urgent Matters Courts, except for ex parte requests.
6- Before the Execution Departments for the execution of judgments, bonds, and all contracts and instruments exceeding three hundred thousand Lebanese pounds.
7- Before the Expropriation Appeal Committees.

##### Article 62-Amended

Every joint-stock company and all capital companies, including limited liability companies, with a paid-up capital of one million pounds or more, operating in Lebanon, whether their main office is in Lebanese territory or they have a branch there, are obliged to appoint a permanent lawyer from the practicing lawyers registered in the bar association with annual fees.
If the company has a branch in Northern Lebanon, this branch must have its own lawyer from the practicing lawyers registered in the Tripoli Bar Association.
The lawyer must inform the bar association of this appointment under penalty of disciplinary action.
A commercial company referred to in this article shall not be registered after the publication of this law unless it proves compliance with this obligation.

• Article 63-Amended
A lawyer is not entitled to accept an annual retainer from more than five commercial companies that are obliged to appoint a lawyer according to Article /62/ of the Law Regulating the Legal Profession.

##### Article 64-Amended

(Repealed)
Commercial and industrial company contracts or real estate contracts of any kind that exceed the value of twenty thousand pounds, as well as contracts that the law requires to be proven by an official document for their validity, may not be registered unless one of the lawyers registered in the general roll signs a statement indicating that they drafted it. The lawyer is required to sign a pleading stamp worth two pounds and a progression stamp worth three pounds, which goes to a fund called the Progression Fund, whose system is set by the Bar Council and approved by the Minister of Justice.

### Representation in Litigation 2

##### Article 65

The lawyer is entrusted with pleading, by an official power of attorney issued by their client, or by assignment from the Bar Association President.

##### Article 66

The lawyer is assigned to plead by the Bar Association President in the following cases:
1- Granting legal aid to one of the litigants.
2- Several lawyers refusing to accept the power of attorney in a rightful lawsuit.
3- A request from the Criminal Court or Juvenile Court to appoint a lawyer to defend an accused or juvenile who has not appointed a lawyer.
4- The death of a lawyer, or the removal of their name, suspension, or seizure, making it impossible for them to act as an attorney.
In this case, the task of the assigned lawyer is to take temporary measures to preserve the interests of the client until they choose a lawyer.

##### Article 67-Amended

A quarter of the share due to the notaries for the fees collected for these powers of attorney is allocated to the Bar Association's fund for the powers of attorney organized for them within its scope.
- This share is collected by a special stamp issued by both the Beirut and Tripoli Bar Associations, and the notary must affix this stamp on the powers of attorney they organize.

### On Attorney Fees 3

##### Article 68

The lawyer has the right to fees for the work performed within the scope of his profession, and to recover the expenses incurred for the case he was entrusted with.

##### Article 69-Amended

The fee is determined by an agreement between the lawyer and his client.
If this fee exceeds 20 percent of the value of the disputed matter in civil cases, the court may reduce it.
In the absence of a written agreement on the fee, the court shall determine it after consulting the Bar Association, taking into account the importance of the case, the work performed, and the client's situation.
If there is a written agreement between the client and the lawyer, the lawyer has the right to execute it through the enforcement department after obtaining permission from the president of the Bar Association in accordance with the first paragraph of Article /73/ of this law.
The Court of Appeal, which handles fee cases, decides on objections to the execution of the written agreement according to summary procedures, and its decision is final and not subject to any form of appeal. Furthermore, filing an objection does not halt execution unless the Court of Appeal decides otherwise.
Upon terminating any annual fee agency by the client without a legitimate reason, or in the event of the agent's permanent inability to work, retirement, or death, the client is obliged to compensate the agent or his heirs with one month's fee for each year of agency based on the last fees or annual compensations received.
After twenty years of agency, an annual agent who is sixty years old may request to be relieved from the agency. In this case, the client must provide the compensation specified in the previous clause.

##### Article 70

If unforeseen claims arise from the lawsuit, the lawyer has the right to claim fees for them.

##### Article 71

If the agent resigns for justified reasons, he may claim fees for the work performed. However, if the client dismisses him without justification, he may claim his full fees.

##### Article 72

The lawyer's fee is considered a privileged debt, provided that this privilege does not affect rights that the law considers privileged and registered real rights before the lawsuit is filed or the fee is requested.

##### Article 73-Amended

The lawyer has the right in various fee cases to sue for his fees and expenses after obtaining permission from the president of the Bar Association.
The first president of the Court of Appeal appoints one of the court's chamber presidents to consider the request, hear both parties, and consult the Bar Association.
The decision issued by the appointed president is subject to objection before the chamber presided over by the first president. The first president also has the right to refer this objection to a chamber other than the one from which the contested decision was issued.
The objection must be submitted, under penalty of dismissal, within fifteen days starting from the date of notification of the decision.
The decision resulting from the objection is not subject to any form of appeal.
Pending cases before the competent courts according to previous laws shall be decided according to the provisions under which they were filed.

### On Immunities and Guarantees 4

##### Article 74

The right of defense is sacred, and thus a lawyer cannot be held accountable or subject to any lawsuit for defamation, slander, or contempt due to written or oral pleadings issued by them, unless they exceed the limits of defense.

##### Article 75

Preventive detention is not permissible in cases of defamation, slander, or contempt filed against a lawyer due to statements or writings made during the practice of their profession. No judge from the court where the incident occurred may participate in hearing the case.

##### Article 76-معدلة

Any crime committed against a lawyer during the practice of their profession or because of this practice exposes the perpetrator, accomplice, accessory, and instigator to the same penalty as if the crime were committed against a judge, subject to ordinary review procedures.

##### Article 77-معدلة

Any judicial decision ordering the search of a lawyer's office, the seizure of funds therein, or the inventory of its contents shall not be executed until at least 24 hours have passed since a copy of it was deposited at the bar association to which the lawyer belongs, along with an invitation addressed to the president of the association to attend the procedures in person or through a member delegated for this purpose from the members of the bar council.

##### Article 78-معدلة

Seals cannot be placed on a lawyer's office for the purpose of tax or fee collection until at least ten days have passed since a written warning was issued to the concerned party and the bar association to which they belong was notified of the matter, all in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 of Legislative Decree No. 147 dated 12/6/1959 and Article 13 of Decree No. 2832 dated 14/12/1959, with a report being drawn up accordingly.

##### Article 79-معدلة

Except in the case of flagrante delicto, a lawyer cannot be interrogated for a crime attributed to them before notifying the president of the bar association, who has the right to attend the interrogation in person or through a delegate from the members of the bar council.
- A lawyer cannot be prosecuted for an act arising from or in the course of practicing their profession except by a decision from the bar council granting permission for prosecution, and the bar council assesses whether the act arose from or in the course of the profession.
- The decision to grant or refuse permission for prosecution must be issued within a month from the date the president is notified of the act in writing. If the month passes without a decision, permission is considered implicitly granted.
(The last paragraph of this article was repealed by Law No. 18/78 dated 18/12/1978 and replaced with the following text):
Decisions of the bar council and decisions of the Pension Fund Management Committee are subject to appeal before the Court of Appeal within ten days following notification, provided that two members of the bar council, chosen by the council from among its members, join the judicial panel.
The Pension Fund Management Committee selects these two members from its members when the matter pertains to this fund.

## On the Duties of the Lawyer Second

#### Article 80

The lawyer must adhere in all his actions to the principles of honor, integrity, and honesty, and must perform all the duties imposed on him by this law, the regulations of the legal profession, and its traditions.

#### Article 81

The lawyer is prohibited from contacting the witnesses of the case entrusted to him and listening to their testimonies before they are given, or discussing with them any matter related to those testimonies.

#### Article 82

The lawyer is prohibited from purchasing disputed rights.

#### Article 83

It is permissible to establish civil professional companies that include lawyers in the appellate capacity as partners, and the subject of these civil companies is the practice of law. The partnership deed must be in writing or registered with the Bar Association, as well as any amendment thereto. Lawyers who participate or cooperate in one office are not allowed to plead against each other or represent different parties with conflicting interests in transactions and cases.

#### Article 84

The lawyer must have an office in the area of the bar association to which he belongs, and he is not entitled to have more than one office.

#### Article 85

The lawyer is prohibited from seeking to acquire clients through advertising means, using intermediaries or brokers, or by any other means, and he is not allowed to allocate a portion of his fees to a person who is not a lawyer.

#### Article 86

The lawyer is prohibited from advertising his office. He is not entitled to hang more than one sign bearing his name at the entrance.

#### Article 87

The lawyer is responsible to his client for performing his task in accordance with the provisions of the law and the content of his agency.

#### Article 88-معدلة

The lawyer may withdraw from the agency after accepting it, provided that this withdrawal is communicated to his client and the court, and that necessary precautions are taken to prevent harm to his client due to his withdrawal.
If the lawyer is unable, for any reason, especially in the case of the client's place of residence, to inform the latter of the withdrawal of the agency, the matter is referred to the court handling the dispute, which decides definitively on the validity of the withdrawal after it is proven that it was impossible to inform the client.
In this case, the court exempts the lawyer from representing his client, and the latter is notified of the subsequent trial procedures following the withdrawal in accordance with legal principles.

#### Article 89

Upon the completion of his task, the lawyer must return to his client the documents he received from him if requested. The client's right to request the return of the documents lapses five years after the case is concluded.

#### Article 90

The lawyer is not allowed to accept agency from his client's opponent or to provide him with any assistance, even by way of opinion, in the case in which he previously accepted the agency or in a related case, even after his agency has ended.

#### Article 91

A lawyer who receives annual or monthly legal fees for cases or consultations is not allowed to accept any case or provide any consultation to his client's opponent.

#### Article 92

The lawyer is not allowed to disclose a secret entrusted to him or learned through his profession, even after his agency has ended, and he is not allowed to testify against his client in the case in which he is handling the agency or was an agent.

#### Article 93

When a lawyer is entrusted with an agency in a case where one of his colleagues was an agent, he must refuse to accept the agency unless his colleague permits it or he obtains permission from the president of the bar association.

#### Article 94-معدلة

1- A lawyer is not entitled to accept agency in a case against a colleague or to file a personal lawsuit against him without obtaining permission from the president of the bar association.
2- The request for permission is submitted to the president of the bar association, who decides on it if he cannot reconcile the disputants within a period not exceeding thirty days from the date of registration of the request in the bar association's office.
If the period expires without a decision on the request, the permission is considered granted automatically, and each party has the right to object to the explicit or implicit decision of the president of the bar association before the bar association council within ten days from the date of notification of the explicit decision or from the date of issuance of the implicit decision.
The bar association council must decide on the objection within thirty days from the date of its receipt, otherwise, the objection is considered rejected.
3- The explicit or implicit decision of the bar association council in this regard is subject to appeal in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the last amended paragraph of Article /79/
4- Contrary to the first paragraph of this article, a lawyer may exceptionally accept agency in civil cases to take precautionary measures on funds to preserve rights at risk of loss before obtaining permission from the president of the bar association, provided that he submits a request for permission within a period not exceeding ten days from the date of taking such measures.

#### Article 95

The lawyer must wear the special lawyer's robe when appearing before the courts.

# On the Discipline of Lawyers Fourth

### Article 96

The disciplinary council is composed of the president or his delegate as chairman and two members chosen by the president for a year from the council of the association. One of the two members may be a lawyer registered in the general list for at least ten years. The disciplinary council wears the special lawyer's robe, as does the lawyer appearing before it and his representative.

### Article 97

Members of the disciplinary council or any of them may be recused for any reason for recusal of judges as stipulated in the Code of Civil Procedure. The request for recusal is considered by the council of the association and decided upon according to the procedures for recusal of judges.

### Article 98

The president of the association may issue a fraternal warning to a lawyer for a minor violation without referring him to the disciplinary council.

### Article 99

Any lawyer, whether practicing or trainee, who breaches the duties of his profession as specified by this law, or engages in conduct during or outside the practice of the profession that degrades its value, or behaves in a manner inconsistent with its dignity, is subject to the following disciplinary penalties:
1- Warning
2- Reprimand
3- Suspension from practicing law for a period not exceeding three years.
4- Removal from the association's list.

### Article 100

The period of temporary suspension from practicing law is not counted towards the period of training, retirement, or other periods designated for holding association positions.

### Article 101

The disciplinary council, when sentencing a lawyer to a temporary suspension from practicing the profession, may decide in a special paragraph of its decision to deprive that lawyer of the right to be elected as a member of the council of the association for a period not exceeding ten years.
This additional penalty is mandatory in the case of a lawyer being sentenced for intentionally breaching a duty imposed by an association position assigned to him.

### Article 102

A lawyer is not referred to the disciplinary council except by a decision from the president, issued spontaneously or based on a complaint or report submitted to him.
A lawyer may not be referred to the disciplinary council without being heard by the president or his delegate, or if he fails to appear for the hearing despite being summoned. The president must ensure the case is resolved swiftly.

### Article 103

A lawyer's separation from the profession does not prevent disciplinary prosecution for acts committed before the separation.

### Article 104

Every court that issues a criminal judgment against a lawyer must send a copy of this judgment to the president of the association.

### Article 105

The disciplinary council adopts investigation and trial methods that ensure the rights of defense and the proper administration of justice, and the referred lawyer has the right to appoint one lawyer.

### Article 106

The trial before the council is conducted in secret, and summonses and judgments are delivered according to procedures.

### Article 107

Decisions of the disciplinary council are communicated to the president of the association and the appellate public prosecution within ten days from the date of issuance.

### Article 108

Disciplinary judgments issued in absentia may be objected to by the convicted lawyer within ten days following the judgment personally or by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt. The disciplinary council must consider the objection and issue its decision within fifteen days following the submission of the objection request. The lawyer and the appellate public prosecution have the right to appeal any decision issued by the disciplinary council, and both appeals must be submitted within ten days following the notification.
Appeals of decisions issued by the disciplinary council are submitted to the Court of Appeal, which decides in a secret session after adding two members from the council of the association chosen by the mentioned council from among the members who did not initially consider the case, and the appellant has the right to appoint one lawyer on his behalf.

### Article 109

Anyone whose name has been removed from the association's list by a disciplinary judgment has the right to request, after five full years from the issuance of that judgment, the re-registration of his name in the list of lawyers from the council of the association. If the council deems the elapsed period sufficient to remove the effect of his actions, it decides to re-register his name. If the council rejects the request, it may not be renewed until after two years, and the request may not be renewed after being rejected twice.

# Title Fifth

## Penalties One

#### Article 110-Amended

Shall be punished by imprisonment from six months to three years and a fine from twenty-five thousand to one hundred thousand Lebanese pounds, anyone who impersonates a lawyer or practices law without the right.

#### Article 111-Amended

Shall be punished by imprisonment from six months to three years and a fine from twenty-five thousand to one hundred thousand Lebanese pounds, any lawyer who practices law after being prohibited from practicing it or during the period of temporary prohibition from practicing it or whose name has been removed from the list of lawyers by a final disciplinary decision.

#### Article 112

Shall be punished by imprisonment up to one month and a fine from ten pounds to one hundred pounds, anyone who provides legal consultations without being a lawyer or a professor at the Institute of Law.

#### Article 113

Shall be punished by imprisonment from one month to one year, and a fine from fifty pounds to one thousand pounds or by one of these penalties, anyone who seeks a commission to acquire clients for a lawyer. If this person is a public employee, the penalty is aggravated within the limits specified in Article 257 of the Penal Code.
Every broker is expelled from the Palace of Justice by the Public Prosecution upon the request of the Bar Association President. If he re-enters without a legitimate reason, he shall be punished by imprisonment from one week to three months, and a fine from ten pounds to one hundred pounds or by one of these penalties.

#### Article 114

Subject to the penalty specified in the first paragraph of the previous article, any lawyer who uses a broker to acquire clients shall be prohibited from practicing law for at least one year, and upon repetition, shall be prohibited from practicing his profession.

## Various Provisions and Transitional Measures Second

#### Article 115

The Bar Association President may allow a foreign lawyer to plead before Lebanese courts in a specific case, provided there is reciprocity in the bar association to which the lawyer belongs.

#### Article 116-معدلة

The papers of the Bar Association, its decisions, and the disciplinary council's rulings are notified according to the procedures stipulated in this law and the procedures specified by the internal regulations of the association.

#### Article 117

The Law Regulating the Legal Profession issued on December 13, 1945, and all texts contrary to this law or incompatible with its provisions, are repealed.

#### Article 118

This law shall come into effect immediately upon its publication in the Official Gazette.

Review status

Reviewer notes

Advanced: edit structured JSON

The JSON below mirrors the original law structure. Update it only if you need to correct per-article text. Keep keys identical; only translate the values.

{
    "law": {
        "id": 8,
        "title": "Regulation of the Legal Profession",
        "published_at": "1970-03-30"
    },
    "nodes": [
        {
            "id": 362,
            "name": "Preliminary Provisions",
            "number": "First",
            "articles": [],
            "category": "Title",
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": 363,
                    "name": "On the Legal Profession",
                    "number": "First",
                    "articles": [
                        {
                            "id": 1107,
                            "body": "The legal profession is a profession regulated by this law and aims to achieve the mission of justice by providing legal opinions and defending rights.",
                            "position": 1,
                            "article_number": "1"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1108,
                            "body": "The legal profession contributes to the implementation of public service, and therefore grants those who practice it the rights and immunities stipulated by this law, while also obligating them to the duties it imposes.",
                            "position": 2,
                            "article_number": "2"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1109,
                            "body": "A lawyer is not required to adhere to the recommendations of their client except to the extent that they align with conscience and the client's interest.",
                            "position": 3,
                            "article_number": "3"
                        }
                    ],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [],
                    "position": 1
                },
                {
                    "id": 364,
                    "name": "In the Syndicate",
                    "number": "Second",
                    "articles": [
                        {
                            "id": 1110,
                            "body": "In Lebanon, there are two bar associations: one in Beirut and one in Tripoli.\r\nThe names of lawyers who have offices in all Lebanese governorates except the North Lebanon Governorate are registered in the Beirut Bar Association.\r\nThe names of lawyers who have offices in the North Lebanon Governorate are registered in the Tripoli Bar Association.\r\nA lawyer is not entitled to practice law in Lebanon if their name is not registered in one of the two associations. It is not permissible to be registered in both and in a foreign association. Every lawyer registered in the roll of practicing lawyers must have an office within the jurisdiction of the association to which they belong.",
                            "position": 1,
                            "article_number": "4"
                        }
                    ],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [],
                    "position": 1
                }
            ],
            "position": 1
        },
        {
            "id": 365,
            "name": "On Practicing the Profession of Law",
            "number": "Second",
            "articles": [],
            "category": "Title",
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": 366,
                    "name": "On Acquiring the Title of Lawyer",
                    "number": "First",
                    "articles": [],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [
                        {
                            "id": 367,
                            "name": "On the Conditions of the Lawyer",
                            "number": "1",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1111,
                                    "body": "It is required for anyone intending to practice the profession of law to be:\r\nFirst: Lebanese for at least ten years.\r\nSecond: Enjoying civil capacity, having completed 20 years of age, and not exceeding sixty-five.\r\nThird: Holding the second part of the Lebanese Baccalaureate and the Lebanese law degree, and the qualifying certificate mentioned in the following article, while preserving the right of those who benefited from the exemption mentioned in paragraph 2 of article 20 of the Higher Education Organization Law issued on December 26, 1961, regarding the equivalence to the Lebanese Baccalaureate, and the right of those who were candidates for the Lebanese Baccalaureate second part exams and received official attestations in lieu of the certificate, and those who obtained foreign official secondary education certificates inside and outside the country and received equivalence for them for the years from 1987 to 1991.\r\nFourth: Having a reputation that inspires trust and respect.\r\nFifth: Not convicted criminally or disciplinarily for an act that undermines honor or dignity.\r\nSixth: Not dismissed from a public position or previous profession for a reason that undermines honor and dignity.",
                                    "position": 4,
                                    "article_number": "5-معدلة"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1112,
                                    "body": "The subjects of the qualifying certificate are distributed over the four years of study required to obtain the law degree, and these subjects are determined by a decision issued by the Lebanese University Council after obtaining the approval of the Bar Associations in Beirut and Tripoli. In case of disagreement over the determination of these subjects, the Council of Ministers resolves the matter by decree.",
                                    "position": 5,
                                    "article_number": "6-معدلة"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 368,
                            "name": "On Registration Procedures",
                            "number": "2",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1113,
                                    "body": "Registration applications to the Bar Association are submitted to the competent Bar Council along with documents proving the fulfillment of the conditions stipulated in Article 5. The Bar Council must decide on the registration application with a reasoned decision within two months from the date of submission, unless it deems it necessary to investigate the applicant's background, in which case the period is extended to four months. If the mentioned period expires without a decision on acceptance or rejection, the applicant has the right to appeal to the Civil Court of Appeal in the governorate where the headquarters of the Bar Association to which they wish to belong is located.",
                                    "position": 6,
                                    "article_number": "7"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1114,
                                    "body": "The appeal is submitted to the Court of Appeal within thirty days from the date the applicant is notified of the rejection decision or from the expiration of the four months mentioned in the previous article. Upon submission of the appeal to the Court of Appeal, the applicant's file is requested from the Bar Council, and the council must send it within a maximum period of two weeks along with any observations it deems necessary to make.",
                                    "position": 7,
                                    "article_number": "8"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1115,
                                    "body": "When considering registration applications, two members from the Bar Council, appointed by the President, join the Court of Appeal panel. If neither or only one of the Bar representatives attends, the Court of Appeal in its regular formation can decide on the appeal.",
                                    "position": 8,
                                    "article_number": "9"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 373,
                            "name": "On the Oath of the Lawyer",
                            "number": "3",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1116,
                                    "body": "The lawyer shall take an oath upon the issuance of the decision to register them, whether in the roll of trainee lawyers or non-trainee lawyers, before the Civil Court of Appeal and in the presence of the Bar President or their delegate, the following oath:\r\n\"I swear by Almighty God, and on my honor, to preserve the confidentiality of my profession, to perform its duties faithfully, to uphold its ethics and traditions, to adhere to its laws and regulations, not to say or publish, whether as a lawyer or advisor, anything contrary to morals and ethics, or anything that undermines state security, to respect the judiciary, and to conduct myself in all my actions in a manner that inspires trust and respect.\"\r\nA lawyer is not allowed to begin practicing law before taking this oath.",
                                    "position": 1,
                                    "article_number": "10"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 374,
                            "name": "On the Registration of Trainees",
                            "number": "4",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1117,
                                    "body": "A lawyer who registers their name in one of the Bar Associations is subject to a three-year apprenticeship in the office of an appellate lawyer.\r\nThis provision does not apply to judges who have served in the judiciary for a period equivalent to the apprenticeship period, nor to professors who have taught law subjects for no less than three years, nor to appellate lawyers who request re-registration.",
                                    "position": 9,
                                    "article_number": "11-Amended"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1118,
                                    "body": "A trainee lawyer who requests to register their name in the Bar Association must specify in their application the name of the lawyer with whom they wish to apprentice and must present a document proving this lawyer's consent to accept them as a trainee in their office.",
                                    "position": 10,
                                    "article_number": "12"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1119,
                                    "body": "The apprenticeship applicant must attach the following to their application:\r\nFirst - The three certificates specified in paragraph 3 of Article Five.\r\nSecond - Their criminal record.\r\nThird - Their identity document.\r\nFourth - The consent of the lawyer with whom they will apprentice.\r\nFifth - A receipt proving payment of the registration fee specified in the internal regulations.",
                                    "position": 11,
                                    "article_number": "13"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1120,
                                    "body": "The registration application in the trainees' register is submitted to the President of the Bar Association, who refers it to one of the members of the Bar Council to prepare a report on whether the legal conditions are met.\r\nThe application, along with the report and documents, is referred to the Bar Council for decision in accordance with the provisions of this law.",
                                    "position": 12,
                                    "article_number": "14"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 375,
                            "name": "Conflict and Limits of Practicing the Profession",
                            "number": "5",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1121,
                                    "body": "It is prohibited to combine the practice of law with:\r\n1- Any public office or service, except for membership in the Parliament, municipal and administrative councils, and other positions and services for which the holder does not receive a salary.\r\n2- Commercial and industrial activities (except for legal or scientific journalism) and, in general, all professions aimed at profit.\r\n3- Presidency, vice-presidency, or directorship of companies of all kinds.\r\n4- Expert work for courts or other authorities or bodies.\r\n5- Activities that are incompatible with the independence of the lawyer or do not align with the dignity of the legal profession.\r\n6- Presidency of the Parliament and ministry during the lawyer's tenure in these roles, and upon starting these roles, the lawyer must cease practicing the profession and inform the Bar Association president.",
                                    "position": 13,
                                    "article_number": "15"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1122,
                                    "body": "A lawyer who has held a ministerial position may not, within one year following their departure from office, accept representation personally or through another lawyer in cases related to their ministry and presented before the courts, departments, or administrative councils of independent interests under the supervision of the ministry they headed.",
                                    "position": 14,
                                    "article_number": "16"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1123,
                                    "body": "A lawyer who is a deputy may not accept representation for the state personally or through another lawyer in lawsuits involving the state or its institutions or independent interests.",
                                    "position": 15,
                                    "article_number": "17"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1124,
                                    "body": "A lawyer elected as a member of a municipality may not accept representation personally or through another lawyer in lawsuits for or against that municipality.",
                                    "position": 16,
                                    "article_number": "18"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1125,
                                    "body": "A government employee who has left service and taken up law practice may not accept representation personally or through another lawyer in lawsuits against the interest they were part of, within three years following their departure from service.",
                                    "position": 17,
                                    "article_number": "19"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1126,
                                    "body": "A person who was a judge before practicing law may not accept representation personally or through another lawyer in a case that was presented to them.",
                                    "position": 18,
                                    "article_number": "20"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1127,
                                    "body": "A person who has given their opinion on a case when it was presented to them, in their capacity as an employee, arbitrator, or expert, may not accept representation in that case.",
                                    "position": 19,
                                    "article_number": "21"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        }
                    ],
                    "position": 1
                },
                {
                    "id": 376,
                    "name": "On Apprenticeship",
                    "number": "Second",
                    "articles": [],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [
                        {
                            "id": 377,
                            "name": "On the Rights of the Trainee",
                            "number": "1",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1128,
                                    "body": "The trainee lawyer is not entitled to use the title \"lawyer\" without adding the title of trainee, and he is not entitled to establish an office in his name before completing his training.",
                                    "position": 20,
                                    "article_number": "22"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1129,
                                    "body": "The trainee lawyer may transfer during his training period from one lawyer's office to another, provided that he informs the Bar Association Council and obtains the approval of the new office and the Bar Association Council.",
                                    "position": 21,
                                    "article_number": "23"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1130,
                                    "body": "The trainee is entitled to plead during his training period in the name of the lawyer registered in his office before the following courts:\r\n1- Courts of first instance, committees, and councils of all kinds.\r\n2- Misdemeanor Court of Appeal for defendants only.\r\n3- Criminal Court for the accused.",
                                    "position": 22,
                                    "article_number": "24"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1131,
                                    "body": "The trainee lawyer acquires the right to plead in his personal name before all courts upon his registration in the general roll.",
                                    "position": 23,
                                    "article_number": "25"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 378,
                            "name": "On the Duties of the Trainee",
                            "number": "2",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1132,
                                    "body": "The Bar Association Council organizes apprenticeship lectures for trainees at times it determines. The President or a delegate presides over the apprenticeship lectures, manages them, and discusses their topics. A list of the names of the trainees attending is organized.\r\nAny trainee who does not attend at least two-thirds of the apprenticeship lectures may have their apprenticeship period extended by a decision of the Bar Association Council.",
                                    "position": 1,
                                    "article_number": "26"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        }
                    ],
                    "position": 1
                },
                {
                    "id": 379,
                    "name": "On the Termination of Apprenticeship and Registration in the Roll of Lawyers",
                    "number": "Third",
                    "articles": [
                        {
                            "id": 1133,
                            "body": "The application for registration in the roll of lawyers is submitted to the Bar Council, and each application is subject to its specific provisions as outlined in the following two paragraphs:\r\nFirst: The application submitted by the trainee lawyer:\r\n\r\nThe application is submitted after the end of the training period, accompanied by the following documents:\r\n1- A certificate from the lawyer with whom the training was conducted, proving the trainee's commitment to the training for a period of three years.\r\n2- A certificate from the council's secretariat confirming attendance at two-thirds of the training lectures.\r\n3- A statement of the lawsuits or cases in which the trainee participated in studying or pleading, signed by both the trainee and the lawyer with whom the training was conducted, under the responsibility of each.\r\n4- Receipts proving the payment of the registration transfer fee, the retirement fund fee, and the annual subscription fee due since the date of registration in the roll of lawyers.\r\nSecond: The application submitted by the former judge:\r\n\r\nThe application is submitted after leaving the judiciary and is subject to the following specific provisions:\r\nThe former judge is exempt from the age requirement specified in Article 5 of this law, and the conditions noted in this article are considered fulfilled and proven by the certificate given to the judge by the competent administrative authority, which includes practicing the judicial function for at least three years and not having services terminated for a disciplinary reason that undermines honor and dignity.\r\nThe judge exempted from the age requirement or belonging to the Judges' Mutual Fund and joining the Bar Association does not benefit from all the benefits provided by the association to its members, including the retirement pension and health and social benefits.",
                            "position": 24,
                            "article_number": "27-معدلة"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1134,
                            "body": "The Bar Council has the discretion to register the trainee in the mentioned roll or to extend the duration of their training.",
                            "position": 25,
                            "article_number": "28"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1135,
                            "body": "If the Bar Council's decision rejects the application for the end of training and registration in the roll of lawyers, or if the application is not decided upon acceptance or rejection within two months from the date of submission, the applicant has the right, within two months from the date of notification of the rejection decision or from the end of the two-month period designated for deciding the application, to appeal to the Civil Court of Appeal in accordance with the provisions of Articles 7, 8, and 9 of the Law on the Regulation of the Legal Profession.",
                            "position": 26,
                            "article_number": "29-معدلة"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1136,
                            "body": "The Bar Council organizes a roll with the names of lawyers and trainees in accordance with the provisions of its internal regulations.",
                            "position": 27,
                            "article_number": "30"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1137,
                            "body": "If a lawyer delays the payment of their subscription fees for three consecutive years without a legitimate excuse accepted by the Bar Council, their name is removed from the general roll after a warning, and they are not entitled to rejoin the association unless they pay the registration fee again.",
                            "position": 28,
                            "article_number": "31"
                        }
                    ],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [],
                    "position": 1
                }
            ],
            "position": 2
        },
        {
            "id": 380,
            "name": "On the Organization and Management of the Bar Associations",
            "number": "Second",
            "articles": [
                {
                    "id": 1138,
                    "body": "Each of the Bar Associations in Beirut and Tripoli is composed of its members who are registered in its rolls.",
                    "position": 29,
                    "article_number": "32"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1139,
                    "body": "Each of the associations enjoys legal personality and financial and administrative independence.",
                    "position": 30,
                    "article_number": "33"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1140,
                    "body": "The bodies of each association consist of the General Assembly, the Bar Council, and the President.",
                    "position": 31,
                    "article_number": "34"
                }
            ],
            "category": "Title",
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": 381,
                    "name": "General Assembly",
                    "number": "First",
                    "articles": [
                        {
                            "id": 1141,
                            "body": "The General Assembly is the highest authority for lawyers and holds its regular meeting every year on the first Sunday of November. It convenes an extraordinary meeting whenever the Bar Council deems it necessary or upon a request submitted to it by one-third of the lawyers entitled to participate in this meeting.",
                            "position": 32,
                            "article_number": "35"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1142,
                            "body": "The General Assembly is presided over by the President of the Bar Association, and in his absence, the most senior former president present, then the Secretary, then the oldest member of the Bar Council present.",
                            "position": 33,
                            "article_number": "36-Amended"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1143,
                            "body": "The regular General Assembly is held on the date specified in Article 35 of this law.\r\nAs for the extraordinary assembly, it is held on the date determined by the Bar Council, and working lawyers entitled to participate in both assemblies are invited by letters addressed to them or by an announcement published in three daily newspapers, with a copy posted on the door of the Bar Association headquarters and every room of the Bar Association in the areas under its jurisdiction.",
                            "position": 34,
                            "article_number": "37"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1144,
                            "body": "The meeting of the General Assembly is considered legal if more than half of the voters entitled to participate in the voting are present. If this quorum is not met, the invitation is repeated for another meeting to be held within fifteen days, and this meeting is considered legal regardless of the number of attendees. Decisions are made by relative majority, including election results.",
                            "position": 35,
                            "article_number": "38"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1145,
                            "body": "Only working lawyers registered in the roll who have paid their annual fees on time participate in the General Assembly and are accepted among the voters or candidates.",
                            "position": 36,
                            "article_number": "39"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1146,
                            "body": "The annual regular General Assembly's activities include:\r\n1- Electing the President and members of the Bar Council and members of the Retirement Committee mentioned in the third paragraph of Article 3 of Legislative Decree No. 180 dated May 21, 1942.\r\n2- Auditing the final account of the past year and the budget for the following year and approving them.\r\n3- Determining the annual subscription fee required from lawyers for the Bar Association Fund and the Retirement Fund.",
                            "position": 37,
                            "article_number": "40"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1147,
                            "body": "The extraordinary General Assembly considers the matters specified in the request for the call or in the decision of the Bar Council, and no others.",
                            "position": 38,
                            "article_number": "41"
                        }
                    ],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [],
                    "position": 1
                },
                {
                    "id": 382,
                    "name": "Bar Association Council",
                    "number": "Second",
                    "articles": [],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [
                        {
                            "id": 383,
                            "name": "Formation of the Council",
                            "number": "1",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1148,
                                    "body": "The Beirut Bar Association Council is composed of twelve members, including the President, and the Tripoli Bar Association Council is composed of six members, including the President.\r\nThe Bar Council organizes the method of electing the President and members. Former Presidents are permanent members by default in the Bar Council, but they do not participate in voting.",
                                    "position": 39,
                                    "article_number": "42"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1149,
                                    "body": "The Bar Council meets upon the President's invitation within three days from the date of each election, and elects by secret ballot the Secretary, Treasurer, Commissioner, and Justice Palace Commissioner.",
                                    "position": 40,
                                    "article_number": "43"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1150,
                                    "body": "The term of the President is two years and cannot be renewed until two years after the end of their term.",
                                    "position": 41,
                                    "article_number": "44"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1151,
                                    "body": "The term of the Bar Council members is three years. Each year, the term of one-third of the members ends, and no member can be re-elected more than once until two years after the end of their term.\r\nIn exceptional cases where more than one-third of the members are elected at once, a draw is conducted among the elected members immediately after the election process and in the first session held by the Bar Council to ensure the application of the annual rotation principle by one-third as stipulated in the first paragraph. The President's membership during their term as President is exempt from the draw, and the term of the member leaving by draw is considered a full term regardless of its duration.\r\nA draw is conducted on the members of the Beirut Bar Association elected in 1981 immediately upon the enforcement of this law to drop the membership of two-thirds of its members.\r\nAfter electing the replacement members, another draw is conducted among them to select four members whose term will be exceptionally two years instead of three.",
                                    "position": 42,
                                    "article_number": "45-معدلة"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1152,
                                    "body": "A lawyer cannot be elected as President unless they have been registered in the roll of practicing lawyers for at least twenty years and are a member of the Bar Council. A lawyer cannot be elected as a member of the Bar Council unless they have been registered in the mentioned roll for at least ten years.",
                                    "position": 43,
                                    "article_number": "46"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1153,
                                    "body": "The nomination for the position of President and Bar membership is submitted to the Bar Council by the candidate themselves or by at least fifty lawyers eligible to participate in the General Assembly.\r\nNominations submitted after the first of October of the election year are rejected.",
                                    "position": 44,
                                    "article_number": "47"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1154,
                                    "body": "The Bar Council must verify that the nomination meets the legal requirements and issue its decision to accept or reject it before the tenth of October, otherwise it is considered accepted.\r\nThe Bar Council's decision is communicated to the candidate by registered letter immediately upon issuance, and its image is posted on the Bar's headquarters door.",
                                    "position": 45,
                                    "article_number": "48"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1155,
                                    "body": "The decision to accept or reject the nomination can be appealed by any interested party within three days from the date the decision is deposited at the Bar's office.\r\nThe Court of Appeal decides on the matter in a deliberation room within three days.",
                                    "position": 46,
                                    "article_number": "49"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1156,
                                    "body": "The election is conducted by secret ballot, and all other procedural rules for the election are determined in the internal regulations.",
                                    "position": 47,
                                    "article_number": "50"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1157,
                                    "body": "The winner is considered to be the one who obtains the relative majority of the votes cast, and in the event of a tie, the one with the longest tenure in the Bar roll wins, and in the event of equality, the oldest wins.",
                                    "position": 48,
                                    "article_number": "51"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1158,
                                    "body": "If the position of President becomes vacant for any reason, the General Assembly is convened within thirty days from the date of the vacancy to elect a new President if the remaining term exceeds six months. The elected President in this case completes the remaining term of the previous President. If the remaining term is less than six months, the Secretary assumes the position of President by proxy until the end of the term.",
                                    "position": 49,
                                    "article_number": "52"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1159,
                                    "body": "If a position among the Bar Council members becomes vacant, it is filled by the alternate who received the highest number of votes after the winners in the last election.\r\nIn the absence of an alternate and when two or more positions become vacant up to half of the members, the Bar Council continues its work composed of the remaining members until the first General Assembly elects those who fill the vacant position or positions.\r\nIf more than half of the members' positions become vacant before the first of July, an extraordinary General Assembly is convened within a month, with the first ten days for nominations to elect those who fill these positions.\r\nIn all the aforementioned cases, the successor replaces their predecessor for the remaining duration of their membership.",
                                    "position": 50,
                                    "article_number": "53-معدلة"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1160,
                                    "body": "The Bar Council is considered dissolved if the number of vacant positions exceeds two-thirds, and in this case, an extraordinary General Assembly is convened for a general election of the Bar Council members, while the President remains in their position.",
                                    "position": 51,
                                    "article_number": "54"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1161,
                                    "body": "Any member of the Bar Council who is absent from its meetings three consecutive times without an acceptable excuse is considered resigned.",
                                    "position": 52,
                                    "article_number": "55"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 384,
                            "name": "Meetings of the Bar Council",
                            "number": "2",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1162,
                                    "body": "Council sessions are not legal unless they are held at their scheduled times or at times appointed by the president.",
                                    "position": 53,
                                    "article_number": "56"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1163,
                                    "body": "Council sessions are not legal unless attended by the absolute majority of its members.",
                                    "position": 54,
                                    "article_number": "57"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1164,
                                    "body": "Council decisions are issued by majority, and if votes are equal, the side voted for by the president prevails.\r\nAnyone with an interest has the right to obtain from the syndicate office a certified copy of the council's decisions.",
                                    "position": 55,
                                    "article_number": "58-Amended"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 388,
                            "name": "Powers of the Council and the President",
                            "number": "3",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1165,
                                    "body": "The Bar Council is responsible for managing its affairs and specifically has the authority to:\r\n1- Decide on applications for membership to the Bar and applications for appointments to Bar positions.\r\n2- Establish and amend the internal regulations of the Bar and all other regulations related to the Bar.\r\n3- Determine, amend, and collect the registration fee.\r\n4- Implement the resolutions of the general assemblies.\r\n5- Organize and execute the annual budget.\r\n6- Mediate between lawyers regarding disputes related to the practice of their profession.\r\n7- Call for general meetings.\r\n8- Represent the Bar in international professional conferences.\r\n9- Correspond with authorities and individuals on matters concerning the Bar.\r\n10- Strive for the acceptance of trainees in lawyers' offices.\r\n11- Oversee the conduct of lawyers.\r\n12- Issue instructions to lawyers regarding the practice of their profession.\r\n13- Supervise lawyers' chambers and all institutions affiliated with the Bar.\r\n14- Grant licenses to lawyers' assistants to practice their profession and determine the conditions of these licenses.\r\n15- Organize the training period and decide on its conclusion or extension.\r\n16- (This paragraph was repealed by Law No. 18\/78 dated 18\/12\/78).\r\n17- Establish financial awards disbursed from the Bar's fund for those who produce valuable scientific works.\r\n18- Provide financial assistance to lawyers.",
                                    "position": 56,
                                    "article_number": "59-Amended"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1166,
                                    "body": "The President represents the Bar and specifically has the following prerogatives:\r\n1- Supervise its management and defend its rights.\r\n2- Preside over the general assembly and the Bar Council, implement their decisions, and sign contracts they approve.\r\n3- Litigate on behalf of the Bar and has the right to intervene personally or through a council member he selects in any case that concerns the Bar or one of its lawyers, and to take the role of personal plaintiff in any case related to actions affecting the dignity of the Bar or one of its members.\r\n4- Appoint a representative for the Bar in each judicial district and define their powers and dismiss them.\r\n5- Appoint lawyers tasked with defending those granted legal aid and lawyers tasked, when necessary, with defending the accused and juveniles.\r\n6- Work on resolving disputes arising in professional matters.",
                                    "position": 57,
                                    "article_number": "60"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        }
                    ],
                    "position": 1
                }
            ],
            "position": 3
        },
        {
            "id": 389,
            "name": "On the Rights and Duties of Lawyers",
            "number": "Third",
            "articles": [],
            "category": "Title",
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": 662,
                    "name": "On the Rights and Privileges of Lawyers",
                    "number": "One",
                    "articles": [],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [
                        {
                            "id": 663,
                            "name": "On Consultations and Agencies",
                            "number": "1",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1167,
                                    "body": "Non-lawyers may not be appointed to represent in courts, and a lawyer must be appointed where the law stipulates so and in the following cases:\r\n1- Before the Criminal Court.\r\n2- Before the Court of Cassation and the Administrative Judiciary in all cases.\r\n3- Before the Court of Appeal in all civil, religious, and sectarian cases.\r\n4- Before the First Instance Court in unquantified civil cases, except for personal status lawsuits, and in other cases where the value in dispute exceeds (three hundred thousand Lebanese pounds).\r\n5- Before the Urgent Matters Courts, except for ex parte requests.\r\n6- Before the Execution Departments for the execution of judgments, bonds, and all contracts and instruments exceeding three hundred thousand Lebanese pounds.\r\n7- Before the Expropriation Appeal Committees.",
                                    "position": 58,
                                    "article_number": "61-Amended"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1168,
                                    "body": "Every joint-stock company and all capital companies, including limited liability companies, with a paid-up capital of one million pounds or more, operating in Lebanon, whether their main office is in Lebanese territory or they have a branch there, are obliged to appoint a permanent lawyer from the practicing lawyers registered in the bar association with annual fees.\r\nIf the company has a branch in Northern Lebanon, this branch must have its own lawyer from the practicing lawyers registered in the Tripoli Bar Association.\r\nThe lawyer must inform the bar association of this appointment under penalty of disciplinary action.\r\nA commercial company referred to in this article shall not be registered after the publication of this law unless it proves compliance with this obligation.\r\n\r\n• Article 63-Amended\r\nA lawyer is not entitled to accept an annual retainer from more than five commercial companies that are obliged to appoint a lawyer according to Article \/62\/ of the Law Regulating the Legal Profession.",
                                    "position": 59,
                                    "article_number": "62-Amended"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1169,
                                    "body": "(Repealed)\r\nCommercial and industrial company contracts or real estate contracts of any kind that exceed the value of twenty thousand pounds, as well as contracts that the law requires to be proven by an official document for their validity, may not be registered unless one of the lawyers registered in the general roll signs a statement indicating that they drafted it. The lawyer is required to sign a pleading stamp worth two pounds and a progression stamp worth three pounds, which goes to a fund called the Progression Fund, whose system is set by the Bar Council and approved by the Minister of Justice.",
                                    "position": 60,
                                    "article_number": "64-Amended"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 664,
                            "name": "Representation in Litigation",
                            "number": "2",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1170,
                                    "body": "The lawyer is entrusted with pleading, by an official power of attorney issued by their client, or by assignment from the Bar Association President.",
                                    "position": 61,
                                    "article_number": "65"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1171,
                                    "body": "The lawyer is assigned to plead by the Bar Association President in the following cases:\r\n1- Granting legal aid to one of the litigants.\r\n2- Several lawyers refusing to accept the power of attorney in a rightful lawsuit.\r\n3- A request from the Criminal Court or Juvenile Court to appoint a lawyer to defend an accused or juvenile who has not appointed a lawyer.\r\n4- The death of a lawyer, or the removal of their name, suspension, or seizure, making it impossible for them to act as an attorney.\r\nIn this case, the task of the assigned lawyer is to take temporary measures to preserve the interests of the client until they choose a lawyer.",
                                    "position": 62,
                                    "article_number": "66"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1172,
                                    "body": "A quarter of the share due to the notaries for the fees collected for these powers of attorney is allocated to the Bar Association's fund for the powers of attorney organized for them within its scope.\r\n- This share is collected by a special stamp issued by both the Beirut and Tripoli Bar Associations, and the notary must affix this stamp on the powers of attorney they organize.",
                                    "position": 63,
                                    "article_number": "67-Amended"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 665,
                            "name": "On Attorney Fees",
                            "number": "3",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1173,
                                    "body": "The lawyer has the right to fees for the work performed within the scope of his profession, and to recover the expenses incurred for the case he was entrusted with.",
                                    "position": 64,
                                    "article_number": "68"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1174,
                                    "body": "The fee is determined by an agreement between the lawyer and his client.\r\nIf this fee exceeds 20 percent of the value of the disputed matter in civil cases, the court may reduce it.\r\nIn the absence of a written agreement on the fee, the court shall determine it after consulting the Bar Association, taking into account the importance of the case, the work performed, and the client's situation.\r\nIf there is a written agreement between the client and the lawyer, the lawyer has the right to execute it through the enforcement department after obtaining permission from the president of the Bar Association in accordance with the first paragraph of Article \/73\/ of this law.\r\nThe Court of Appeal, which handles fee cases, decides on objections to the execution of the written agreement according to summary procedures, and its decision is final and not subject to any form of appeal. Furthermore, filing an objection does not halt execution unless the Court of Appeal decides otherwise.\r\nUpon terminating any annual fee agency by the client without a legitimate reason, or in the event of the agent's permanent inability to work, retirement, or death, the client is obliged to compensate the agent or his heirs with one month's fee for each year of agency based on the last fees or annual compensations received.\r\nAfter twenty years of agency, an annual agent who is sixty years old may request to be relieved from the agency. In this case, the client must provide the compensation specified in the previous clause.",
                                    "position": 65,
                                    "article_number": "69-Amended"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1175,
                                    "body": "If unforeseen claims arise from the lawsuit, the lawyer has the right to claim fees for them.",
                                    "position": 66,
                                    "article_number": "70"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1176,
                                    "body": "If the agent resigns for justified reasons, he may claim fees for the work performed. However, if the client dismisses him without justification, he may claim his full fees.",
                                    "position": 67,
                                    "article_number": "71"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1177,
                                    "body": "The lawyer's fee is considered a privileged debt, provided that this privilege does not affect rights that the law considers privileged and registered real rights before the lawsuit is filed or the fee is requested.",
                                    "position": 68,
                                    "article_number": "72"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1178,
                                    "body": "The lawyer has the right in various fee cases to sue for his fees and expenses after obtaining permission from the president of the Bar Association.\r\nThe first president of the Court of Appeal appoints one of the court's chamber presidents to consider the request, hear both parties, and consult the Bar Association.\r\nThe decision issued by the appointed president is subject to objection before the chamber presided over by the first president. The first president also has the right to refer this objection to a chamber other than the one from which the contested decision was issued.\r\nThe objection must be submitted, under penalty of dismissal, within fifteen days starting from the date of notification of the decision.\r\nThe decision resulting from the objection is not subject to any form of appeal.\r\nPending cases before the competent courts according to previous laws shall be decided according to the provisions under which they were filed.",
                                    "position": 69,
                                    "article_number": "73-Amended"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 666,
                            "name": "On Immunities and Guarantees",
                            "number": "4",
                            "articles": [
                                {
                                    "id": 1179,
                                    "body": "The right of defense is sacred, and thus a lawyer cannot be held accountable or subject to any lawsuit for defamation, slander, or contempt due to written or oral pleadings issued by them, unless they exceed the limits of defense.",
                                    "position": 70,
                                    "article_number": "74"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1180,
                                    "body": "Preventive detention is not permissible in cases of defamation, slander, or contempt filed against a lawyer due to statements or writings made during the practice of their profession. No judge from the court where the incident occurred may participate in hearing the case.",
                                    "position": 71,
                                    "article_number": "75"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1181,
                                    "body": "Any crime committed against a lawyer during the practice of their profession or because of this practice exposes the perpetrator, accomplice, accessory, and instigator to the same penalty as if the crime were committed against a judge, subject to ordinary review procedures.",
                                    "position": 72,
                                    "article_number": "76-معدلة"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1182,
                                    "body": "Any judicial decision ordering the search of a lawyer's office, the seizure of funds therein, or the inventory of its contents shall not be executed until at least 24 hours have passed since a copy of it was deposited at the bar association to which the lawyer belongs, along with an invitation addressed to the president of the association to attend the procedures in person or through a member delegated for this purpose from the members of the bar council.",
                                    "position": 73,
                                    "article_number": "77-معدلة"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1183,
                                    "body": "Seals cannot be placed on a lawyer's office for the purpose of tax or fee collection until at least ten days have passed since a written warning was issued to the concerned party and the bar association to which they belong was notified of the matter, all in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 of Legislative Decree No. 147 dated 12\/6\/1959 and Article 13 of Decree No. 2832 dated 14\/12\/1959, with a report being drawn up accordingly.",
                                    "position": 74,
                                    "article_number": "78-معدلة"
                                },
                                {
                                    "id": 1184,
                                    "body": "Except in the case of flagrante delicto, a lawyer cannot be interrogated for a crime attributed to them before notifying the president of the bar association, who has the right to attend the interrogation in person or through a delegate from the members of the bar council.\r\n- A lawyer cannot be prosecuted for an act arising from or in the course of practicing their profession except by a decision from the bar council granting permission for prosecution, and the bar council assesses whether the act arose from or in the course of the profession.\r\n- The decision to grant or refuse permission for prosecution must be issued within a month from the date the president is notified of the act in writing. If the month passes without a decision, permission is considered implicitly granted.\r\n(The last paragraph of this article was repealed by Law No. 18\/78 dated 18\/12\/1978 and replaced with the following text):\r\nDecisions of the bar council and decisions of the Pension Fund Management Committee are subject to appeal before the Court of Appeal within ten days following notification, provided that two members of the bar council, chosen by the council from among its members, join the judicial panel.\r\nThe Pension Fund Management Committee selects these two members from its members when the matter pertains to this fund.",
                                    "position": 75,
                                    "article_number": "79-معدلة"
                                }
                            ],
                            "category": "Paragraph",
                            "children": [],
                            "position": 1
                        }
                    ],
                    "position": 1
                },
                {
                    "id": 667,
                    "name": "On the Duties of the Lawyer",
                    "number": "Second",
                    "articles": [
                        {
                            "id": 1185,
                            "body": "The lawyer must adhere in all his actions to the principles of honor, integrity, and honesty, and must perform all the duties imposed on him by this law, the regulations of the legal profession, and its traditions.",
                            "position": 76,
                            "article_number": "80"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1186,
                            "body": "The lawyer is prohibited from contacting the witnesses of the case entrusted to him and listening to their testimonies before they are given, or discussing with them any matter related to those testimonies.",
                            "position": 77,
                            "article_number": "81"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1187,
                            "body": "The lawyer is prohibited from purchasing disputed rights.",
                            "position": 78,
                            "article_number": "82"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1188,
                            "body": "It is permissible to establish civil professional companies that include lawyers in the appellate capacity as partners, and the subject of these civil companies is the practice of law. The partnership deed must be in writing or registered with the Bar Association, as well as any amendment thereto. Lawyers who participate or cooperate in one office are not allowed to plead against each other or represent different parties with conflicting interests in transactions and cases.",
                            "position": 79,
                            "article_number": "83"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1189,
                            "body": "The lawyer must have an office in the area of the bar association to which he belongs, and he is not entitled to have more than one office.",
                            "position": 80,
                            "article_number": "84"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1190,
                            "body": "The lawyer is prohibited from seeking to acquire clients through advertising means, using intermediaries or brokers, or by any other means, and he is not allowed to allocate a portion of his fees to a person who is not a lawyer.",
                            "position": 81,
                            "article_number": "85"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1191,
                            "body": "The lawyer is prohibited from advertising his office. He is not entitled to hang more than one sign bearing his name at the entrance.",
                            "position": 82,
                            "article_number": "86"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1192,
                            "body": "The lawyer is responsible to his client for performing his task in accordance with the provisions of the law and the content of his agency.",
                            "position": 83,
                            "article_number": "87"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1193,
                            "body": "The lawyer may withdraw from the agency after accepting it, provided that this withdrawal is communicated to his client and the court, and that necessary precautions are taken to prevent harm to his client due to his withdrawal.\r\nIf the lawyer is unable, for any reason, especially in the case of the client's place of residence, to inform the latter of the withdrawal of the agency, the matter is referred to the court handling the dispute, which decides definitively on the validity of the withdrawal after it is proven that it was impossible to inform the client.\r\nIn this case, the court exempts the lawyer from representing his client, and the latter is notified of the subsequent trial procedures following the withdrawal in accordance with legal principles.",
                            "position": 84,
                            "article_number": "88-معدلة"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1194,
                            "body": "Upon the completion of his task, the lawyer must return to his client the documents he received from him if requested. The client's right to request the return of the documents lapses five years after the case is concluded.",
                            "position": 85,
                            "article_number": "89"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1195,
                            "body": "The lawyer is not allowed to accept agency from his client's opponent or to provide him with any assistance, even by way of opinion, in the case in which he previously accepted the agency or in a related case, even after his agency has ended.",
                            "position": 86,
                            "article_number": "90"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1196,
                            "body": "A lawyer who receives annual or monthly legal fees for cases or consultations is not allowed to accept any case or provide any consultation to his client's opponent.",
                            "position": 87,
                            "article_number": "91"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1197,
                            "body": "The lawyer is not allowed to disclose a secret entrusted to him or learned through his profession, even after his agency has ended, and he is not allowed to testify against his client in the case in which he is handling the agency or was an agent.",
                            "position": 88,
                            "article_number": "92"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1198,
                            "body": "When a lawyer is entrusted with an agency in a case where one of his colleagues was an agent, he must refuse to accept the agency unless his colleague permits it or he obtains permission from the president of the bar association.",
                            "position": 89,
                            "article_number": "93"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1199,
                            "body": "1- A lawyer is not entitled to accept agency in a case against a colleague or to file a personal lawsuit against him without obtaining permission from the president of the bar association.\r\n2- The request for permission is submitted to the president of the bar association, who decides on it if he cannot reconcile the disputants within a period not exceeding thirty days from the date of registration of the request in the bar association's office.\r\nIf the period expires without a decision on the request, the permission is considered granted automatically, and each party has the right to object to the explicit or implicit decision of the president of the bar association before the bar association council within ten days from the date of notification of the explicit decision or from the date of issuance of the implicit decision.\r\nThe bar association council must decide on the objection within thirty days from the date of its receipt, otherwise, the objection is considered rejected.\r\n3- The explicit or implicit decision of the bar association council in this regard is subject to appeal in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the last amended paragraph of Article \/79\/\r\n4- Contrary to the first paragraph of this article, a lawyer may exceptionally accept agency in civil cases to take precautionary measures on funds to preserve rights at risk of loss before obtaining permission from the president of the bar association, provided that he submits a request for permission within a period not exceeding ten days from the date of taking such measures.",
                            "position": 90,
                            "article_number": "94-معدلة"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1200,
                            "body": "The lawyer must wear the special lawyer's robe when appearing before the courts.",
                            "position": 91,
                            "article_number": "95"
                        }
                    ],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [],
                    "position": 1
                }
            ],
            "position": 4
        },
        {
            "id": 668,
            "name": "On the Discipline of Lawyers",
            "number": "Fourth",
            "articles": [
                {
                    "id": 1201,
                    "body": "The disciplinary council is composed of the president or his delegate as chairman and two members chosen by the president for a year from the council of the association. One of the two members may be a lawyer registered in the general list for at least ten years. The disciplinary council wears the special lawyer's robe, as does the lawyer appearing before it and his representative.",
                    "position": 92,
                    "article_number": "96"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1202,
                    "body": "Members of the disciplinary council or any of them may be recused for any reason for recusal of judges as stipulated in the Code of Civil Procedure. The request for recusal is considered by the council of the association and decided upon according to the procedures for recusal of judges.",
                    "position": 93,
                    "article_number": "97"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1203,
                    "body": "The president of the association may issue a fraternal warning to a lawyer for a minor violation without referring him to the disciplinary council.",
                    "position": 94,
                    "article_number": "98"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1204,
                    "body": "Any lawyer, whether practicing or trainee, who breaches the duties of his profession as specified by this law, or engages in conduct during or outside the practice of the profession that degrades its value, or behaves in a manner inconsistent with its dignity, is subject to the following disciplinary penalties:\r\n1- Warning\r\n2- Reprimand\r\n3- Suspension from practicing law for a period not exceeding three years.\r\n4- Removal from the association's list.",
                    "position": 95,
                    "article_number": "99"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1205,
                    "body": "The period of temporary suspension from practicing law is not counted towards the period of training, retirement, or other periods designated for holding association positions.",
                    "position": 96,
                    "article_number": "100"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1206,
                    "body": "The disciplinary council, when sentencing a lawyer to a temporary suspension from practicing the profession, may decide in a special paragraph of its decision to deprive that lawyer of the right to be elected as a member of the council of the association for a period not exceeding ten years.\r\nThis additional penalty is mandatory in the case of a lawyer being sentenced for intentionally breaching a duty imposed by an association position assigned to him.",
                    "position": 97,
                    "article_number": "101"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1207,
                    "body": "A lawyer is not referred to the disciplinary council except by a decision from the president, issued spontaneously or based on a complaint or report submitted to him.\r\nA lawyer may not be referred to the disciplinary council without being heard by the president or his delegate, or if he fails to appear for the hearing despite being summoned. The president must ensure the case is resolved swiftly.",
                    "position": 98,
                    "article_number": "102"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1208,
                    "body": "A lawyer's separation from the profession does not prevent disciplinary prosecution for acts committed before the separation.",
                    "position": 99,
                    "article_number": "103"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1209,
                    "body": "Every court that issues a criminal judgment against a lawyer must send a copy of this judgment to the president of the association.",
                    "position": 100,
                    "article_number": "104"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1210,
                    "body": "The disciplinary council adopts investigation and trial methods that ensure the rights of defense and the proper administration of justice, and the referred lawyer has the right to appoint one lawyer.",
                    "position": 101,
                    "article_number": "105"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1211,
                    "body": "The trial before the council is conducted in secret, and summonses and judgments are delivered according to procedures.",
                    "position": 102,
                    "article_number": "106"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1212,
                    "body": "Decisions of the disciplinary council are communicated to the president of the association and the appellate public prosecution within ten days from the date of issuance.",
                    "position": 103,
                    "article_number": "107"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1213,
                    "body": "Disciplinary judgments issued in absentia may be objected to by the convicted lawyer within ten days following the judgment personally or by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt. The disciplinary council must consider the objection and issue its decision within fifteen days following the submission of the objection request. The lawyer and the appellate public prosecution have the right to appeal any decision issued by the disciplinary council, and both appeals must be submitted within ten days following the notification.\r\nAppeals of decisions issued by the disciplinary council are submitted to the Court of Appeal, which decides in a secret session after adding two members from the council of the association chosen by the mentioned council from among the members who did not initially consider the case, and the appellant has the right to appoint one lawyer on his behalf.",
                    "position": 104,
                    "article_number": "108"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1214,
                    "body": "Anyone whose name has been removed from the association's list by a disciplinary judgment has the right to request, after five full years from the issuance of that judgment, the re-registration of his name in the list of lawyers from the council of the association. If the council deems the elapsed period sufficient to remove the effect of his actions, it decides to re-register his name. If the council rejects the request, it may not be renewed until after two years, and the request may not be renewed after being rejected twice.",
                    "position": 105,
                    "article_number": "109"
                }
            ],
            "category": "Title",
            "children": [],
            "position": 5
        },
        {
            "id": 669,
            "name": null,
            "number": "Fifth",
            "articles": [],
            "category": "Title",
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": 670,
                    "name": "Penalties",
                    "number": "One",
                    "articles": [
                        {
                            "id": 1215,
                            "body": "Shall be punished by imprisonment from six months to three years and a fine from twenty-five thousand to one hundred thousand Lebanese pounds, anyone who impersonates a lawyer or practices law without the right.",
                            "position": 106,
                            "article_number": "110-Amended"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1216,
                            "body": "Shall be punished by imprisonment from six months to three years and a fine from twenty-five thousand to one hundred thousand Lebanese pounds, any lawyer who practices law after being prohibited from practicing it or during the period of temporary prohibition from practicing it or whose name has been removed from the list of lawyers by a final disciplinary decision.",
                            "position": 107,
                            "article_number": "111-Amended"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1217,
                            "body": "Shall be punished by imprisonment up to one month and a fine from ten pounds to one hundred pounds, anyone who provides legal consultations without being a lawyer or a professor at the Institute of Law.",
                            "position": 108,
                            "article_number": "112"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1218,
                            "body": "Shall be punished by imprisonment from one month to one year, and a fine from fifty pounds to one thousand pounds or by one of these penalties, anyone who seeks a commission to acquire clients for a lawyer. If this person is a public employee, the penalty is aggravated within the limits specified in Article 257 of the Penal Code.\r\nEvery broker is expelled from the Palace of Justice by the Public Prosecution upon the request of the Bar Association President. If he re-enters without a legitimate reason, he shall be punished by imprisonment from one week to three months, and a fine from ten pounds to one hundred pounds or by one of these penalties.",
                            "position": 109,
                            "article_number": "113"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1219,
                            "body": "Subject to the penalty specified in the first paragraph of the previous article, any lawyer who uses a broker to acquire clients shall be prohibited from practicing law for at least one year, and upon repetition, shall be prohibited from practicing his profession.",
                            "position": 110,
                            "article_number": "114"
                        }
                    ],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [],
                    "position": 1
                },
                {
                    "id": 671,
                    "name": "Various Provisions and Transitional Measures",
                    "number": "Second",
                    "articles": [
                        {
                            "id": 1220,
                            "body": "The Bar Association President may allow a foreign lawyer to plead before Lebanese courts in a specific case, provided there is reciprocity in the bar association to which the lawyer belongs.",
                            "position": 111,
                            "article_number": "115"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1221,
                            "body": "The papers of the Bar Association, its decisions, and the disciplinary council's rulings are notified according to the procedures stipulated in this law and the procedures specified by the internal regulations of the association.",
                            "position": 112,
                            "article_number": "116-معدلة"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1222,
                            "body": "The Law Regulating the Legal Profession issued on December 13, 1945, and all texts contrary to this law or incompatible with its provisions, are repealed.",
                            "position": 113,
                            "article_number": "117"
                        },
                        {
                            "id": 1223,
                            "body": "This law shall come into effect immediately upon its publication in the Official Gazette.",
                            "position": 114,
                            "article_number": "118"
                        }
                    ],
                    "category": "Chapter",
                    "children": [],
                    "position": 1
                }
            ],
            "position": 6
        }
    ],
    "root_articles": []
}

FR translation

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Source version: 2025-10-05T14:55:30+00:00

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